Life Lessons in Maya Angelous Graduation Essay -- American Literature

Life Lessons in Maya Angelou's Graduation Throughout life we go through many stepping stones, Maya Angelou's autobiographical essay "Graduation", was about more than just moving on to another grade. The unexpected events that occurred during the ceremony enabled her to graduate from the views of a child to the more experienced and sometimes disenchanting views of an adult. Upon reading the story there is an initial feeling of excitement and hope which was quickly tarnished with the abrupt awareness of human prejudices. The author vividly illustrates a rainbow of significant mood changes she undergoes throughout the story. From the outset of the story there is an overwhelming sense of hope that has enveloped the entire community and school with the upcoming graduation. The communitie's involvement strengthens the authors excitement in her rite of passage. Everyone is preparing for the ceremony and seeking to see how it will affect the lives of those involved. "Only a small percentage would be continuing on to college" (835) and others were just excited for the "glorious release" (834) from school. She felt like she was on top of the world, after all, "the graduating classes themselves were the nobility" (834). It is obvious how much pride she takes in her community by the way she describes her class as "an extended family." (834). The author's school was not the most impressive school compared to the white schools in the area but that could not damper the spirit that was filling the air. Parents who were buying or making new outfits for their graduates made everyone including the author the center of attention. Her "momma launched out on [hers]," (835) and she was swollen with pride that she was going to be a walking mod... ...fe she really knew and felt deep down to the core of her being what the words truly meant. The words had brought back her hope and pride in herself and in her community. What Leavy had said was a fallacy and they could as they have in the past rise above the world's bigotry. Righteousness returned to Angelou and the entire community; "we were on top again."(841). During the essay the author lost her innocence but graduated to a deeper appreciation and clarity of who she is and who she could become. In her school with no visible fences keeping the children within the schoolyard, there were the invisible fences of racism that tried to limit them from reaching their full potential. The author concludes, "I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death" (841). Works Cited: Angelou, Maya. 'Graduation.' Cromley 29-39.

Business Entity Paper Essay

There are different forms of businesses and they al have their own purpose. Some are for individuals and others are for partners but they both have different forms. Depending on the size and type of business the owners decide how they are going to start it. Also the liability behind them and the type of ownership also depends on how they decide to go. A corporation is a juridical entity established under the corporation code and register with the Securities and Exchange Commission. It has to have a minimum of five persons and up to fifteen. The liability is limited for the shareholders and are only countable for the amount of capital invested. It is more difficult to create, manage and organize. Depending on how many shares an individual has that’s how the participation of them is assign. If an individual has not that many shares they will be left out with out any participation or word in the company actions and next moves. An example would be Apple and Microsoft. Individuals ask, â€Å"What are the benefits to commerce of having shareholders and other entities that shield their members, protected from personal liability?† There are many benefits to having shareholders, one of the main reasons why individuals decide to incorporate is the personal liability protection it has on its members. The law protects the shareholder’s personal property and the shareholder is only responsible for the value of the equity they have in the company. It also has tax advantages, some incorporated business are able to lower their tax rate by reducing the salaries paid to their owners. The CEOs of these companies are able to carry out their management skills with the support of the shareholders. The ability to transfer ownership is a great benefit because in case of a death or simply selling their shares can be done without having to finish the organization and starting a new one with new owners. Another question frequently asked is â€Å"Would commerce be better served if personal liability would attach to those individuals for the misdeeds of their entity?† There are individuals that would say yes, have their personal belongings attached to the corporation. The logic behind an insurance  company is to protect individuals from mistakes, either caused by others or individual mistakes. Having a corporation gives the opportunity to a group of individuals to carry out a business idea and to have the ability to prosper or to fail without loosing all their life savings and personal belongings. Individuals make mistakes and it is not fair to loose everything on the first try.

Constructivism Essay - 1064 Words

Though constructivists believe that reality is based upon our own individual perceptions and thoughts, Delia’s constructivism theory is more objective. Within the objective approach, Delia’s theory falls primarily under the socio-psychological tradition, but dabbles in the rhetorical tradition of Griffins survey map. A socio- psychological scholar â€Å"believes that there are communication truths that can be discovered by careful, systematic observation†(Griffin, 2009, p, 42). It also displays a cause-and-effect relationship that will predict successful and unsuccessful communication (Griffin 2009). In other words, truth can be revealed through experimentation and surveys. This is relevant throughout all of Delia’s research as he used†¦show more content†¦Therefore, by using the RCQ Delia is able to predict how credible an individual’s will distinguish his or her character to be. Furthermore, Delia’s constructivism theory also fall s under the Rhetorical tradition. Rhetoric is defined as the art of persuasion through the use of argument, organization of ideas, language use, and delivery in public speaking (Griffin 2009). This interpretive rhetorical qualities are some what distinguished Delia’s belief that cognitively complex individuals will be able to asses a goal, plan a way of accomplish the intended goal, and enact on his or her previously distinguished plan. By relating constructivism to rhetoric, one is able to see how constructivism is only more objective and not completely objective, because constructivists are â€Å"interested in how individuals perceive the world and how they use a system known as personal constructs to view others and to make sense of their perceptions and experiences†(Hunt 2010, p. 269). The scientific approach of epistemology is that truth can be discovered. According to Griffin (2009), epistemology is â€Å"The study of the origin, nature, method, and limits of k nowledge† (p. 16). The critical approaches taken by Delia reflect the epistemology of his theory; one which is represented through their philosophy of science of observation. He declines the interpretive approach that suggests finding answers through ethnography, textual analysis (Griffin 2009), and uses the empiricalShow MoreRelatedConstructivism And Constructivism724 Words   |  3 PagesConstructivism is a type of method that has changed and continues to change with time. It has been stated that due to the fact of the ever-changing definition many have called the definition empty. According to Kretchmar (2017), â€Å"So many different definitions currently exist some scholars believe constructivism has been emptied of meaning altogether.† Sofie M. M. Loyens and David Gijbels (2008), defines constructivism as â€Å"the way in which people try to make sense of situations or, in other wordsRead MoreConstructivism in the Classroom1832 Words   |  8 Pages1. Construct ivism is a method that says students learn by building their schema by adding to their prior knowledge by the use of scaffolding (Rhinehart Neas). Because the students are basically teaching themselves new information, the teacher is there mainly for support and guidance for the students. Pro: By using a constructivist approach to teaching, students will be â€Å"fully engaged in their own learning† (Rhinehart Neas). This allows the students to make sense of what they are doing by relatingRead MoreConstructivism : A Learning Theory917 Words   |  4 PagesConstructivism is a learning theory that suggests that because individuals are not blank slates new knowledge is constructed by building upon prior knowledge and experiences (Brandsford, Brown, and Cocking, 2000). Within the classroom setting, constructivism often includes, but not limited to a hands-on activity, group work, and teachers acting as facilitators. At the sight of observation, the learning activity was a guided reading lesson. This reading activity was designed for a small group of fourRead MoreThe Theory Of Education And Constructivism1587 Words   |  7 PagesTwo of the more prevalent theoretical frameworks used in education are constructivism and andragogy. Savicevic (1991) points out that t he popularity of andragogy has spread among practitioners and researchers in many countries, including Hungary, England, Finland, France, Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, and Russia (as quoted in Chan, 2010, p. 28). Constructivism, on the other hand, has become, as O’Neil (1992) observes, â€Å"a new catchword† among educators (as quoted in Oxford, 1997, p. 37). ThisRead MoreEncouraging Constructivism in Todays Classroom Essay1953 Words   |  8 Pagesaside and I feel like constructivism learning theory should be given a try in the classroom. Learning according to the free dictionary is the act or process of experience of gaining knowledge or skill. This knowledge or skill is gained through schooling or study. (The Free Dictionary by Farlex). Constructivism is a philosophy of learning founded on the premise that, by reflecting on our experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world we live in. (Constructivism, 2014). In other wordsRead MoreTheoretical Frameworks Of Learning, Discipleship And Constructivism3882 Words   |  16 Pageschildren learn with a focus on one area from a selection of current priorities drawing on relevant literature, research and practice from a critical perspective This essay will discuss two theoretical frameworks of learning, Behaviourism and Constructivism. Then examine the orginin, need and importance for ability grouping specifically to aid the gifted student. It will then analyse evidence of a child from block School Experience (BSE) 1 and relate theory to practice. Learning can sometimes appearRead MoreEssay about What Is Constructivism3002 Words   |  13 PagesWhat Is Constructivism Watching a young child grow from infancy to toddler hood, we marvel at the amount of learning that has allowed her to understand her expanding environment. Those early years provide the basis for language, physical dexterity, social understanding, and emotional development that she will use for the rest of her life. All of this knowledge is acquired before she even sets foot in school! This child has taught herself by gathering information and experiencing the worldRead MoreTeaching Phylosophies and Learning Theories: Constructivism3051 Words   |  13 Pagesfollow in order to reach students of diverse learning styles; it would be a disservice to the student to only focus on teaching through the paradigm of one theory. Throughout the paper, however, I will discuss examples where the learning theory of constructivism has proved to accurately portray how I best learn new information and also how it will be an appropriate theory to guide me in teaching high school agriculture in a productive learning environment, as well as serve as a tool in managing classroomRead MoreRealism, Liberalism, And Social Constructivism1009 Words   |  5 Pagesanalyze the international system using a variety of theories. Realism, liberalism, and social constructivism are only a handful of lenses through which we view global affairs. Realism suggests that anarchy causes states to fight for survival and the balance of power. Liberalism suggests that while states do fight to survive, anarchy creates an environment conducive to cooperation. On the other hand, constructivism suggests that people constructed this system of international relations and anarchy is whatRead MoreFeminism and Constructivism: A Comparison2645 Words   |  11 Pagesthe traditional rationalist theories of neorealism and neoliberalism to critical re-evaluations. As a result, constructivism is a concept that has emerged as an alternative approach to dominant IR theories. It focuses on the importance of state i dentities in defining and gaining knowledge of state interests, actions and goals. There are theorists who purport that the rise of constructivism allows for a further understanding of another international theory, feminism. This is a branch of critical social

Position Essay Euthanasia - 1284 Words

The Good Death Euthanasia has been a hotly debated social question for many years. For many reasons people ask for assistance to end their lives. It is legal in most states for a person to end their own life, but if someone helps someone carry out that wish, then that is a crime. It shouldn’t be illegal to help someone end their life if they wish to die to end their pain. The only sensible thing would be to legalize physician assisted suicide so that people can feel comfortable and pass away in a controlled environment. Assisted suicide is becoming more acceptable in American culture. Euthanasia has been a medical, moral, and even religious issue over the years and is slowly moving towards legalization. Euthanasia means the good†¦show more content†¦Their psychological pain can go away unlike the real pain the terminally ill experience which is why there are guidelines to who should be eligible for an easily exit this world. Most people die what would be consi dered a bad death where the quality of life is poor and they are painfully awaiting the moment of their death. Doctors are only able to prescribe medicine to help patients cope with the pain, but why should those patients keep living if their lives hold nothing more than agony and pain while their friends and family wait for them to die. Some elderly patients want to die with what little dignity the have left. Physician assisted suicide is a way for people to end their suffering when there is no hope of getting better. Death does not need to be painful; there is an easier way. Attempting to commit suicide was once a criminal act. The act of suicide has been decriminalized since the 1960’s. Assisted suicide is still illegal in the United States, with the exception of Oregon, where it is only allowed under strict circumstances. In 1991, the Netherlands was the only country that allowed doctors to assist in suicide (Humphry 29). Jack Kevorkian, a doctor in Michigan was m ade famous by assisting his patients to commit suicide. When he first started helping people, he hooked his patients up to a machine that gave them measured doses of medications and had the patients push the button that delivered theShow MoreRelatedThe Morality Of Euthanasia By James Rachels1086 Words   |  5 PagesID: 3339147 Active Euthanasia Does James Rachels in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† successfully argue that in at least some cases active euthanasia is morally acceptable? Explain his view and respond to it. In this essay, we are going to analyze the main ideas included in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† by James Rachels to provide a response to the following question: Does James Rachels in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† successfully argue that in at least some cases active euthanasia is morally acceptableRead MoreEuthanasi The Issue Of Euthanasia1427 Words   |  6 Pages Euthanasia: The main purpose of this essay is to focus on the controversy surrounding the issue of euthanasia and analyse the pros and cons arguments regarding euthanasia. This essay will aim to analyse in further details the complexity of the matter regarding euthanasia and will argue the pros and cons of euthanasia and will also debate the major impact that legalising euthanasia might have on the society, on the medical industry andRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Killing And Letting Die1401 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative Essay # 1: Killing and Letting Die According to James Rachels in his highly acclaimed article The End of Life, Rachels argues that killing and letting die are morally equivalent. My objective within this essay is to highlight and illuminate Rachel’s key points within the The End of Life, which leads him to this particular conclusion. While doing so I will highlight the main objection to Rachels argument, and illuminate my own objections to further prove that Rachels position is falseRead MoreEuthanasia: Not Morally Acceptable Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract In the following essay, I argue that euthanasia is not morally acceptable because it always involves killing, and undermines intrinsic value of human being. The moral basis on which euthanasia defends its position is contradictory and arbitrary in that its moral values represented in such terms as ‘mercy killing’, ‘dying with dignity’, ‘good death’ and ‘right for self-determination’ fail to justify taking one’s life. Introduction Among other moral issues, euthanasia emerged with modern medicalRead MoreBeliefs of Different Religions About Euthanasia1569 Words   |  7 PagesDifferent Religions About Euthanasia For this essay I have decided to study the two religions Christianity and Buddhism. Buddhism has no major denominations, unlike Christianity, which has many denominations around the globe. However, I am only going to focus on Christianity as a whole, quoting teachings from the Bible (Old and New Testament), and then referring to the two major denominations of Anglican and Roman Catholic when their points on euthanasia are absolute. I haveRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide938 Words   |  4 PagesOthers take the position that we didn’t choose our birth therefore our death isn’t ours to choose either. This has caused considerable debate as moral, ethical and legal ramifications come into the mix. This in turn has led to defining the process under two different terms for legal purposes. They are euthanasia and physician assisted suicide. Internationally, assisted suicide is when a doctor prescribes a drug that ends life, but the patient is responsible for taking them. Euthanasia is defined byRead MoreEuthanasi Ethical And Legal Issues Within The Australian Context1550 Words   |  7 Pagesis more challenging to reconcile than that of euthanasia. The legalisation of euthanasia continues to be passionately debated. It has been a pertinent issue in human rights discourse as it affects ethical and legal issues pertaining to both the patient and the hea lth care practitioner (Bartels Otlowski, 2010). The following essay will define euthanasia and make the distinction between active, passive, voluntary, non-voluntary, involuntary euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. Relevant legalRead MoreTaking a Look at Euthanasia1733 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia, also commonly referred to as ‘mercy killing’, and ‘assisted suicide’, has been and continues to be the subject to moral, legal, religious and political debates around the world. At the core of debate lies to competing values between the right for every individual to decide to die with dignity when suffering, and the need to uphold the right to life. (Australian Human Rights Commission. 1996) The purpose of this task is to critically analyse the nature and extent of euthanasia and whetherRead MoreEssay on Untimely Death578 Words   |  3 Pagesto end their suffering? Many people have different views on this situation, but I believe that it is the patients decision because the patient knows how much pain they are in, and if they can not take it any longer. In the essay Active and Passive Euthanasia James Rachels wrote that he thinks that it is a better choice morally to withdraw life support, and let a person die, rather than ending a persons life through other means. I do not believe that if a patient is about toRead MoreExamination of the Main Issues of the Euthanasia Debate Essay example1337 Words   |  6 PagesExamination of the Main Issues of the Euthanasia Debate Introduction Talk of suicide and euthanasia has long been the focus of media attention. Recently this debate has been furthermore justified with the advent of European clinics that specialise in professional mercy killings for the terminally ill and those suffering incurable pain. To add to this, suicide rates in this country are ever increasing, with this being one of the ten most common causes of death in

Childhood Development Richard Linklater s Boyhood

Depending on time, culture and circumstances, people move through the vast stages of their lives in diverse and unique ways. While some cultures emphasise the importance of childhood development, others represent adolescence as a time of momentous change and maturity. On the other hand, some societies give no acknowledgement to adolescence at all. This is the study of the life course. From a sociological standpoint, the life course is a method of analysing how social customs change with age and development. The study of the life course is a relatively young one; first being introduced in the 19th century (reference). Consequentially, much of its interest lies in the recent developments regarding youth and—more specifically—adolescence.†¦show more content†¦Boyhood provides strong examples for both concepts and allows for a nuanced perspective with regards to childhood development. George Herbert Mead brought the life course to the sociological forefront when he coined ‘Social Interactionism’. While past theorists argued that personality and behaviour were biological, Mead emphasised the influence of cultural imitation (reference). He posited that people possess an ‘I’ and a ‘me’, with the former referring to the unconscious and internal thought and the latter referring to learned social behaviour. Mead claimed that the ‘I’ was inherent and motivated decision-making, but that the ‘me’ had to be constructed during childhood (reference). According to Social Interactionism, the external self is a reflection of what a social actor learns is appropriate from an early age. From the age of 6 to late childhood, children develop moral and social codes according to games and lessons from both peers and adults (reference). Above all, children are purely agents of mimicry and all behaviour is learned. In applying this to Boyhood, Mead’s theory is supported by events taking place during Mason’s childhood. When Mason’s father, Mason Sr. takes he and his sister, Samantha, out, they notice reports of the Iraq war on television. Being only six years old, Mason is impressionable. When his father shows a negative attitude toward the war, Mason says, â€Å"my teacher says it’s a good

Network Degn Essay Example For Students

Network Degn Essay 1.2.Strategic Recommendation31.3.Implementation Consideration31.4.Benefits of the Solution43.1.Proposed Network Topology63.2.Hardware and Media Recommendation for the LAN63.3.Hardware and Media Recommendation for the WAN73.4.Network Layer Addressing and Naming Model83.5.Routing and Bridging Protocols Recommendation for the 3.6.Software Features Provisioned for the Network93.7.Network Management Strategy104.1.Benefits of Working with Cisco Systems114.2.Benefits of Working with CD-INC115.1.1.1.2.PH Network Service Corporation135.1.1.1.5.Goals for the New Network145.2.1.3.Naming and Addressing Convention175.3.1.Cisco Device Description18PH Network Service Corporation (PH) requested that CD-INC to provide a network design and implementation solution to connect four Hospitals and 120 doctor offices. PH Network Service Corporation objectives are to: Improve communication transfer of the referralsProvide redundancy for WAN connectionNetwork four hospitals and doctor officesImprove reliabili ty and speed of the referralsProvide a suggestion for a possible back-up connection to the hospitals. Timely access to information between the hospitals and the doctor offices is critical to patient care. The Network must be reliable, secure, and enable the doctors to access this system remotely from their offices with a remote access connection (RAS). CD-INC will design and implement entire solution. After the network is installed and functioning properly PH Network Solution will take over and provide their daily services to hospitals and doctors offices. CD-INC will provide training for installed equipment. The solution designed by CD-INC will provide the following benefits:Two of their employees will be assistants in phase of developing solution (training)One of their employees will be involved in phase of implementationTraining of PH staff for new installed equipmentImproved communication transfer of the referralsNetworking of the four hospitals and doctor officesImproved reliability and speed of the referral systemA suggested connection for back-up hospital WAN linkThe network must be built on a limited budget. Must be scalable for future WAN connections. The network must work with the servers on the network. The data must be readily available. Table A show the Application on the Network. Name and Type of ApplicationProtocols# of users# of Host/ServersPeak hours of usageAutomated referral systemTCP/IP12018-12am/1-5pmHospital Patient RecordsAsync-48-12am/1-5pmPatient Records from Doctor OfficesTelnet-48-12am/1-5pmThe ISDN connections provide adequate bandwidth to support the needs of the Doctors offices connecting to the hospitals. This also means provisions must be taken to ensure more connections can be added when necessary. An ISDN connection should also be considered for the hospital as a back-up connection to the referral system. There are bandwidth considerations for the Windows 2000 SQL 2000 servers using a Microsoft Access front end and 2400 referrals being made each day (48000 Packets). Figure A Data Flow of a Referral Request. Hardware and Media Recommended for the PH LAN100-Mbps connections between the switch and the servers10-Mbps between the switch and the end stationsSoftware upgrade to Enterprise Edition4 models with 24 10BaseT ports, two slots, and choice of 2K or 8K MAC address cacheChoice of 11 high-speed modules support 100BaseT, FDDI, and ATMFull-duplex operation on all portsWeb-based network interface enables configuration and management form any client on the Internet with a web-browser. Congestion control features including IEEE 802.3x-based flow control, and back pressure based flow control on 10BaseT portsHardware and Media Recommended for the WANThe Cisco 3620 router at the PH Head officeNM-1E One-port Ethernet network module. ISDN and Channeled Serial Network Modules NM-1CT1 One-port channeled 1/ISDN PRI network moduleFrame Relay supported by an 8-port T1 IMA network interfaceThe Cisco 1004 router at the doctors officesOne ISDN BRI WAN port (RJ-45), with an integrated NT1 deviceThe Cisco 2611 router at the HospitalsISDN and Channeled Serial Network Modules NM-1CT1 One-port channeled 1/ISDN PRI network moduleNetwork Addressing and Naming ConventionFigure C Network Addressing and Naming ConventionThe Hospitals have provided two Network addresses (202.12.27.0 202.12.28.0). The Network 202.12.27.0 was provided for the two WAN connections. This network will be sub-netted with a 26 bit sub-net mask to create a sub-network of 202.12.27.64/26 for the frame relay WAN and 202.12.27.128 for the ISDN WAN. The Network 202.12.28.0 has been given to PH for internal use on their LAN with a 24 bit sub-net mask. Table B Device List and Network AddressingDeviceNameLocation# RequiredDevice AddressPortAddressCatalyst 2828PH_SW_1PH LAN3202.12.28.424 Ethernet ports202.12.28.11-254/24PH_SW_1202.12.28.524 Ethernet ports202.12.28.11-254/24PH_SW_1202.12.28.624 Ethernet ports202.12.28.11-254/24Windows 2000 AS/SQL Server 2000PH_SER_1PH LAN2202.12.28.7HOS_RO_2S0202.12.27.12.131-134/26Cisco 1004DRO_RO_#Dr. Offices?Dynamic serial addressingThe common program running at all locations is the patient referral system and it is IP based so routing it is not a problem. The NT names do not need to be routed. We recommend that OSPF (an open standard supported by all major network vendors) be used as the routing protocol to support a multi-vendor environment. Additional security maybe required too protect the sensitive information being sent even though both WAN networks an inherent amount of security built in. Implementing a full security solution would be very expensive especially on the ISDN Network. The most cost-effective solution would be to:1.Place a layer2 encryption protocol (such as Ciscos Encryption Services) on the Frame Relay Network and an application layer encryption protocol on the ISDN Network. 2.Put all the LANs behind DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) using PIX firewalls. The network should be easy to manage depending on the number of doctors office that need their routers maintained. ABC could manage the network if needed or Network Management tools that the junior administrator is comfortable with could be installed. Benefits of working with Cisco systems**Cisco Systems, Inc. is the worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Cisco routers arc the basis for over 80 percent of the Internet infrastructure, and Cisco supplies 60 percent of the access solutions used by companies to provide connectivity for remote users and connect to the Internet. Additionally, Cisco, the inventor of switched Ethernet and Fast Ethernet todays most popular high-performance LAN technologies leads the way in providing affordable, high-performance LAN solutions. Ciscos solutions designed help you maximize your business potential and cost-effectively meet your expanding networking requirements. These solutions leverage Ciscos vast networking experience, innovative technologies, outstanding service, and high-quality products, and they help organizations make the transition that extend beyond the main office to multiple offices, mobile users telecommuters, and to the Internet. These solutions give network managers the tools they needed to build networks that are scalable, flexible, and powerful enough to handle the challenges todays networking environment. Cisco products include a wide range of high-performance LAN products, such as 100BaseT hubs and Ethernet switches, routers, dial access servers, and network management software solutions. All of these products are based on the Cisco IOS technologies an integrated of network services that provides the native intelligence for more than 1 million installed Cisco units and comprises an integral part of the products of many global partners. All Cisco products provide quality, reliability, network security, and interoperability based on industry standards Headquartered in San Jose, California, Cisco employs more than 12,000 people in over 125 worldwide locations. The companys stock is traded over the counter on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol CSCO. ** Cisco Network Design edited by Diane Teare published by Cisco PressCD-INC Company specializes in management, development, implementation and consulting networking solutions for over xx years. CD-INC will provide the design and the product solution that will meet 100% of the PH Network Solution requirements and be in the required budget. The entire system will meet PH Network request for redundancy on the hospitals sides. Products that are selected will provide for entire network the best performance and quality available. Mr. Pero of PH Network is responsible for updating the network to use new technologies. PH Network is joint venture between the New Life hospital system and 750 physicians in the community served by New Life. The company was formed to improve patient service by the hospital system and physicians, and to provide leverage when negotiating with managed care health plan companies. One problem area and cost for the doctors is the specialist referral authorization system. The doctors must get authorized referrals for specialist service for their patients before the managed care health plans will cover the cost for the patient. PH Network has negotiated with a number of health plans to take on the risk of these referrals in exchange for more of the premium. PH has determined that this scenario will make economic sense if it can implement an automated referral system. Mr. Pero has indicated that referrals are nearly always made during normal office hours of 8 a.m. to 12 p.m. and 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. The company maintains a 56kbps leased-line connection to the hospital facilities, plus a dial-up terminal connection to some of the larger doctor offices for access to the hospitals patient records. Both direct terminal access and Telnet access are available on the hospital hosts. There are total of 120 doctor offices and 4 hospitals. The actual PH Network staff consists of 50 employees in a single office location. Because the number of these referral transactions will average 20 per day, PH Network plans to use IDSN to network to all the doctor offices, and a Frame Relay network between the PH office and the four hospitals. The connection between doctor offices and the PH referrals system will be a dial as needed design. Each doctors office will have a PC for this purpose. Some of the larger offices already have small Ethernet LANs. However, PH is concerned that the doctors will simply stop using the system if it is not available when needed, which would mean failure for the venture . PH also knows doctors do not like to spend non-medical money. Therefore, it wants a network with the best estimate of sufficient ISDN connection to start and the capability to add new connection rapidly. The software is being developed for a Windows NT/SQL Server system with a Microsoft Access front end using an ODBC interface to the SQL Server. The hospital connection is critical, so PH would like to look at possible redundancy or backup for this connection. *Cisco Network Design edited by Diane Teare Catalyst 2820 Series Modular Ethernet SwitchesThe modular Catalyst 2820 series switches are the ideal solution for Ethernet workgroups and individual users who need increased performance at a surprisingly affordable price, and 100BaseT, Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), or Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) connectivity to servers and network backbones. A Catalyst 2820 series Standard Edition switch is an effective backbone in a small/medium business network, aggregating 10BaseT hubs and network resources, or used at the workgroup level in a large network for dedicated, high speed connections from individual desktops to servers and other network devices. All Catalyst 2820 series switches offer unrivaled ease of use through an intuitive and comprehensive Web-based management interface. Standard Edition switches are upgradable to provide unmatched flexibility and scalability when combined with Enterprise Edition software. Enterprise Edition software enables these switches to deliver comprehensive management and security, bandwidth optimization, networked multimedia, and virtual LAN (VLAN) support. Enterprise Edition software enables these switches to deliver unmatched network configuration flexibility and scalability through embedded Cisco technologies, delivering comprehensive management and security, bandwidth optimization, networke d multimedia, and virtual LAN (VLAN) support. The Enterprise Edition software is pre-installed in Enterprise Edition switches, and available as an Upgrade Kit for Standard Edition switches. Software upgradable to Enterprise Edition4 models with 24 10BaseT ports, two slots, and choice of 2K or 8K MAC address cacheChoice of 11 high-speed modules support 100BaseT, FDDI, and ATMFull-duplex operation on all portsWeb-based network interface enables configuration and management form any client on the internet with a web-browser. Ulysses By Tennyson (694 words) EssayThe Cisco 2600 series shares modular interfaces with the Cisco 1600, 1700 and 3600 series, providing a cost-effective solution to meet todays branch office needs for applications such as:Secure Internet/intranet access with Firewall protectionMultiservice voice/data integrationAnalog and digital dial access servicesVirtual Private Network (VPN) accessWhile the pace of change in network technology continues to increase, global deregulation of telecommunications has allowed more service providers to compete for data, voice and video network services. Only companies who have designed their network infrastructures with these factors in mind will be able to benefit from the lower prices caused by increased competition and protect themselves from technology lockout in the future. The Cisco 2600 series features single or dual fixed LAN interfaces, a network module slot, two Cisco WAN interface card (WIC) slots, and a new Advanced Integration Module (AIM) slot. LAN support includes single and dual Ethernet options; 10/100 Mbps autosensing Ethernet; mixed Token-Ring and Ethernet; and single Token Ring chassis versions. WAN interface cards support a variety of serial, ISDN BRI, and integrated CSU/DSU options for primary and backup WAN connectivity, while available network modules support multiservice voice/data/fax integration, departmental dial concentration, and high-density serial options. The AIM slot supports integration of advanced services such as hardware-assisted data compression and in the future, encryption. All Cisco 2600 series routers include an auxiliary port supporting 115Kbps Dial On Demand Routing, ideal for back-up WAN connectivity. As part of Ciscos comprehensive end-to-end networking solution, the Cisco 2600 series allows businesses to extend a cost-effective, seamless multiservice network infrastructure to the branch office. By deploying the Cisco 2600 series router, companies can consolidate the functions of multiple separate devices into a single, compact package that can be managed remotely. Because the Cisco 2600 series is modular, interface configurations are easily customized to accommodate a wide variety of network applications. Some of these applications include the following:Multiservice Voice/Data/Fax IntegrationThe Cisco 2600 Series reinforces Ciscos commitment to provide multiservice voice/data integration capabilities across its product portfolio, allowing network managers to save on long-distance inter-office toll charges and enabling next-generation voice-enabled applications such as integrated messaging and Web-based call centers. Using the sophisticated QoS features of Cisco IOS software, suc h as the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ), FRF.11 and FRF.12, and IP Precedence, the Cisco 2600 series allows voice traffic to be digitized, encapsulated in data packets or Frames, and prioritized over other data traffic for a highly efficient, end-to-end network infrastructure for Voice over Frame Relay or Voice over IP. With support for up to 36 high-speed asynchronous ports or up to 64 ISDN B channels, the Cisco 2600 provides a cost-effective, single-box dial concentration solution for enterprise or service provider networks. By allowing users in remote locations to call a local phone number for access to both the corporate LAN or the Internet, enterprises can reduce toll charges. For example, the Cisco 2600 series provides dial-up capability for up to 32 remote users, accommodating protocols such as PPP, SLIP, ARA, and Xremote on any port, while supporting dedicated connections to the Internet and the corporate intranet. The new integrated 8 and 16 analog modem modules provide for a single box Remote Access Server solution with improved manageability. Virtual Private Network (VPN) Access and Firewall ProtectionMany companies have begun to use Virtual Private networks (VPNs) to reduce WAN costs by deploying secure tunneled connections via the Internet. VPNs can be rapidly set up and torn down to provide extranet links to customers, business partners and remote employees. With extra performance required to support advanced Cisco IOS security features such as IPSec and 3DES encryption, the Cisco 2600 series can support multiple encrypted tunnels and provide the advanced security features of the Cisco IOS Firewall feature set. For example, a Cisco 2610 router in the branch office can provide secure privileged access to business partners while also supporting another connection to a Cisco 2621 in the main office. The dual-LAN architecture of the Cisco 2621 allows the customer to create an external subnet or DMZ for a public Web server outside the firewall while providing security for the internal network. Simultaneously, remote users c an connect to local point of presence Cisco 5300 which tunnels across the Internet to the same 2621 saving on long distance or 1-800 connection charges. Cisco IOS features such as tunneling, data encryption, and termination of Remote Access WANs via IPSec, Layer 2 Forwarding (L2F) and Layer 2 Tunneling Protocols (L2TP) make the Cisco 2600 an ideal platform for building virtual private networks or outsourced dial solutions. The Cisco 2600 provides a cost-effective, flexible solution for concentrating serial devices in remote locations. Async/sync ports provide connections to serial devices such as SDLC concentration devices, alarm systems, ATMs, debit/credit terminals and cash registers. With full Cisco IOS protocol support including SDLC, BSC, BTSUN, STUN, X.25, Frame Relay, and polled async, the Cisco 2600 consolidates traffic from a wide variety of serial devices over a single connection, eliminating costly dial-up BSC links. The 4- or 8-port asynchronous/synchronous network modules can be combined with, for example, the mixed Ethernet/Token Ring Cisco 2612 and integrated CSU/DSU and BRI WICs to address various retail or financial branch office environments. Stacking the Cisco 2600 series with Cisco LAN switches such as the Catalyst 1900, 2820 and 2900XL series enables network administrators to manage remote branch office environments efficiently using CiscoWorks and CiscoView network management solu tions. Cisco 2600 offers a variety of connectivity options with the reliability and high performance required to address todays evolving branch office WANs. Up to 8 dedicated 128-kbps synchronous connections, one ISDN BRI and one T1/fractional T1 Frame Relay connections can be simultaneously supported with a single Cisco 2600. The Cisco 2600 offers a unique combination of versatility, integration and power at an attractive price for branch office LAN-to-LAN routing applications. Many of todays multiple device solutions gateways can be integrated into one Cisco 2600 configuration. Cisco 2600s RISC-based processor provides the power needed for the dynamic requirements of the remote branch office, achieving wire speed Ethernet to Ethernet routing with up to 25 thousand packets per second (Kpps) throughput capacity. The Cisco 2600s combination of fixed LAN port(s) along with modular interfaces provide customers with the ability to change or meet future networking requirements without a forklift upgrade. As part of Ciscos comprehensive end-to-end networking solution, the Cisco 2600 series supports the value of end-to-end Cisco network solutions with the following benefits:Allows network managers to save long-distance inter-office toll charges and enable next-generation voice applications such as integrated messaging and Web-based call centers. Because the Cisco 2600 series supports field-upgradable modular components, customers can easily change network interfaces without a forklift upgrade of the entire branch office solution. The AIM slot of the Cisco 2600 platform further protects investments by enabling new services such as hardware-assisted data compression and, in the future, hardware-assisted data encryption without using an external interface slot. To maximize network uptime, the Cisco 2600 series offers a redundant power supply (RPS), which can be shared with other Cisco products. The Cisco 2600 series also supports Cisco IOS reliability features such as dial-on- demand routing (DDR) to restore both data and voice services automatically in the event of a primary link failure. Integrating the functions of CSU/DSUs, ISDN Network Termination (NTI) devices, modems, firewall, compression and encryption devices and other equipment found in branch office wiring closets in a single, compact unit provides a space-saving solution that can be managed remotely using network management applications such as CiscoWorks and CiscoView. Part of a Cisco end-to-end solutionAs part of Ciscos comprehensive end-to-end networking solution, the Cisco 2600 series allows businesses to extend a cost-effective, seamless multiservice network infrastructure to the branch office. The Cisco 2600 series is available in the following six base configurations:Cisco 2612: One Ethernet port and One Token Ring port Cisco 2620: One 10/100 Mbps auto-sensing Ethernet PortCisco 2621: Two 10/100 Mbps auto-sensing Ethernet PortsEach model also has two WAN interface card slots, one network module slot, and one AIM slot. All Cisco 2600s include the Cisco IOS IP feature set; other feature sets may be selected as upgrade options. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/pcat/2600.htmFixed-Configuration Desktop Access RoutersThe Cisco 1000 series of compact, fixed-configuration routers provide low-cost, high-speed connectivity for branch and small offices. Available in synchronous and asynchronous models. There are currently three Cisco 1000 series models:One Type-2 PCMCIA slot for Flash ROM cardOne ISDN BRI WAN port (RJ-45), with an integrated NT1 device One Type-2 PCMCIA slot for Flash ROM cardOne serial WAN port (DB-60) that supports asynchronous serial communications up to 115.2 kbps (EIA/TIA-232 interface) and synchronous serial such as leased lines, Frame Relay, switched 56 kbps, SMDS, and X.25 up to 2.048 Mbps (EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449, V.35, X.21, and EIA-530)One Type-2 PCMCIA slot for Flash ROM cardCisco 1003 and Cisco 1004 ISDN RoutersThe Cisco 1003 and Cisco 1004 routers are small, desktop routers that connect small, remote sites with Ethernet LANs to ISDN WANs. The main difference between the two routers is that the Cisco 1004 router includes an integrated network termination 1 (NT1) device and the Cisco 1003 router does not. The ISDN service provider supplies the NT1 connection worldwide, except in North America, where the NT1 device is supplied by the customer. Therefore, the Cisco 1004 router is for use in North America, and the Cisco 1003 router is applicable worldwide. The rear view of the routers looks the same except for the following differences, shown in the following figure:The BRI port on the Cisco 1003 is labeled ISDN S/T, and Cisco 1003 is stamped on the upper left corner of the chassis (not illustrated). The BRI port on the Cisco 1004 is labeled ISDN U, and Cisco 1004 is stamped on the upper left corner of the chassis (not illustrated). The Cisco 1003 and Cisco 1004 routers include the following standard features:One Ethernet 10BaseT port with an RJ-45 connectorOne ISDN BRI port with an RJ-45 connector (the Cisco 1004 router includes an integrated NT1 device)One console port with an RJ-45 connectorConsole cable kit and power supplyOne external PCMCIA slot for optional Type-2 Flash memory cardSoftware booting over an Ethernet LAN using TFTPOptional Flash memory card to store software image and configuration files, allowing network-independent booting and software updates over the WAN or LAN connectionsLAN-to-LAN DDR routing over ISDN linesPPP compression and bandwidth-on-demand with load balancing for throughput up to 512 kbpsIncreased security with CHAP, PAP, packet filters, local password and CLI/ANI Network management and monitoring through the console port or over the network using SNMP or TelnetInformation about devices is from Cisco web site and it can be found on:http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/pcat/10 00.htmBibliography:IT proffesioanl

 You have a very small park here, returned Lady Catherine, after a short silence. Essay Example

  You have a very small park here, returned Lady Catherine, after a short silence. Essay Tanner, in his essay on Pride and Prejudice, wrote: during a decade in which Napoleon was effectively engaging, if not transforming Europe, Jane Austen composed a novel in which the most important events are the fact that a man changes his manners and a young lady changes her mind. This quotation reduces one of the most enduringly popular classic works of English literature, Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, to an intensely personal tale of an individual relationship, utterly detached from the political context of the time. For many readers, particularly Austens contemporaries, there is a tendency to emphasise this romantic, even mythical element to the plot. Isobel Armstrong, in her essay Politics, Pride, Prejudice and the Picturesque comments upon the fairy-tale gratifications of Pride and Prejudice, implying a view of Elizabeth as a Cinderella-like figure who, following a magical moral transformation (in herself and Darcy) marries her very own handsome and rich Prince Charming and lives happily ever after. This fantastical reading of the storyline implies a timelessness to the action, a sense in which romantic plot can be completely detached from the historical and social context of eighteenth century England and transposed onto another context, such as the twentieth century setting of the Pride and Prejudice update, Bridget Jones Diary. D.W. Harding, in Regulated Hatred: An Aspect in the Work of Jane Austen, also suggests this escapist element to reading Austens novels, in the sense that she provided a refuge for the sensitive when the contemporary world grew too much for them. Moreover, this sense of detachment within the novel is perhaps bound up with the myth or common perception of Austens life, of her as a kind of darkly seen shape (according to her biographer, Clare Tomalin in Jane Austen: A Life) or secret scribbler: isolated from high society and politics in the middle of the English countryside, in the villages of Steventon and later, Chawton. We will write a custom essay sample on   You have a very small park here, returned Lady Catherine, after a short silence. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on   You have a very small park here, returned Lady Catherine, after a short silence. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on   You have a very small park here, returned Lady Catherine, after a short silence. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There can be little doubt that Pride and Prejudice is a novel in which there is a strong sense of limitation, if not of complete withdrawal and isolation. The smallness of the Bennets park translates into the all too evident financial restraints imposed by having five daughters in Lady Catherines view at least, the literal size of the park symbolises the limitations of Elizabeths potential choices of husband. Equally, the dimensions of the novel itself are strikingly small: Austen places the action within the limited time frame of a few months, all of it taking place within a few miles between Hertfordshire and London in (a partially fictionalised version of) southern England. We learn with little surprise that Mrs Bennets blinkered perception is so intensely focused upon Meryton that she has not heard even heard of Newcastle. Although the consciousness of Elizabeth Bennet, through which much of the narrative is related, is neither so narrow nor so slow to comprehend new concepts as that of her mother; there is a sense in which both the readers and the characters are trapped within the limited, middle class world of Meryton. Moreover, the characters are located within a very small, interconnected and often claustrophobic social sphere, as Darcy insultingly observes: you move in a very confined and unvarying society. Even the literary space of the novel is defined in terms of its smallness and limitation by Austen herself who, in a letter dated 16 December, 1816, referred to the two little bits of ivory on which I work. We may therefore initially characterise Pride and Prejudice as a small and static world of moral and political fixity, a world that fits closely to a micro scale of personal and social experience. The world that Austen depicts is immediately striking as a kind of microcosm of a very slim sec tion of society. However, I want to argue that Austen simultaneously enforces and draws attention to the limiting effects of the literal, moral, social and political boundaries that surround all of the characters. Within this highly limited world and the limited literary space of two small pieces of ivory Austen creates an intensely intimate personal world, which nevertheless gives rise to questions of a far wider political significance. Even in the ultimate uniting at the end of the book (significantly, the penultimate word of the entire text), there are fundamental political implications. This view is supported by the critic Claudia Johnson: re-examining the perception of Pride and Prejudice as a straightforward fairy tale narrative, she writes: the fantasies it satisfies are not merely private a poor but deserving girl catches a rich husband. They are pervasively political as well. (Pride and Prejudice and the Pursuit of Happiness). On one level, it seems that the readers encounter not one but a series of different microcosms in Pride and Prejudice. The first, and perhaps most intimate, is the insight into the Bennet household. In this context, we encounter a series of different types and a blurring of expected roles, ranging from the comically (and almost childishly) hysterical Mrs Bennet, to the affectionate, motherly Jane or the shrewd and satirical perspective shared by Elizabeth and her father. The fundamentally different outlook of the sisters is exemplified in a single scene in which each of the sisters in turn reacts to the letter from Mr Collins. This scene not only demonstrates the absolute centrality of letters as a narrative vehicle within the text (some critics maintain that the first and now lost version of Pride and Prejudice could even have been written in an epistolary form) but also the differing abilities of the sisters to read the implications of the letter. Jane, the first to comment, respon ds with a predictable generosity of spirit and hopeful optimism: the wish [of Mr Collins to visit] is certainly to his credit. Equally, Lydia and Catherines indifference neither the letter nor its writer were to any degree interesting is undoubtedly a manifestation of their childish self-absorption. Mrs Bennets reaction is suitably overblown, just as Marys, at the other end of the scale, is characteristically sombre and formal: in point of compositionhis letter does not seem defective. Differing levels of character, (as well as maturity) seem to be exposed; the extreme caricatures of Mrs Bennet and her three silliest daughters, serves to highlight the intricacy of Elizabeth herself (a distinction made by D.W. Harding). Elizabeth responds with an immediate textual sensitivity there is something very pompous in his stylecan he be a sensible man? that re-asserts her role as both viewer and, to some extent, interpreter within the text. Moreover, the timing of the letter, revealed rather cruelly only to the girls on the morning of the day of Mr Collins arrival despite the fact that Mr Bennet received it a mon th before, illustrates his frequent unwillingness to play his role as a father, guardian and necessary social mediator. Just as he mocks his wife and daughters with the threat of his refusal to play the role of good neighbour and gentleman and so call on Mr Bingley at the beginning, Mr Bennet withholds information about their closest male relative until the last moment. Mr Bennet is therefore allowed a certain space within the text to step back and take a detached, satirical perspective upon the politics of family life; yet Austen subtly reveals how, in neglecting his role, he disrupts the smooth running of events. Indeed, we may perhaps look to him to identify an early hint about where Elizabeth learns her habit of amused prejudice or judging on first impressions (the original title for the entire novel). We therefore encounter a closely observed and highly detailed account of the interconnectedness of the household. The letter hints on one level at an almost Lockean view of the potential for many different perceptions (of a single line of Mr Collins letter, for example) but at the same time assert s the need for each of these characters to fulfil their fixed social roles to ensure the running of the household.